noun /mæθ(ə)ˈmætɨks/
a) An abstract representational system used in the study of numbers, shapes, structure and change and the relationships between these concepts.
In many cases, the mathematics involved are deep and complicated.
b) A persons ability to count, calculate, and use different systems of mathematics at differing levels.
The answer is yes, and the mathematics needed is the theory of probability and its applied cousin, statistics.
Wikipedia foundation.