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Formation of fibrous tissue as a reparative or reactive process, as opposed to formation of fibrous tissue as a normal constituent of an organ or tissue.

- African endomyocardial f. f. of the inner layers of the myocardium, often including the endocardium, causing diastolic restriction of the heart; indigenous to East Africa.

- congenital f. of the extraocular muscles [MIM*135700] an autosomal dominant disorder associated with blepharoptosis and absence of eye movements.

- cystic f., cystic f. of the pancreas [MIM*219700] a congenital metabolic disorder in which secretions of exocrine glands are abnormal; excessively viscid mucus causes obstruction of passageways (including pancreatic and bile ducts, intestines, and bronchi), and the sodium and chloride content of sweat are increased throughout the patient's life; symptoms usually appear in childhood and include meconium ileus, poor growth despite good appetite, malabsorption and foul bulky stools, chronic bronchitis with cough, recurrent pneumonia, bronchiectasis, emphysema, clubbing of the fingers, and salt depletion in hot weather. Detailed genetic mapping and molecular biology have been accomplished by the methods of reverse genetics; autosomal recessive inheritance, caused by mutation in the cystic f. conductance regulator gene (CFTR) on chromosome 7q. SYN: Clarke-Hadfield syndrome, fibrocystic disease of the pancreas, mucoviscidosis, viscidosis.

- endocardial f. scarring or collagenosis of the endocardium. SYN: endocardial sclerosis.

- endomyocardial f. thickening of the ventricular endocardium by f., involving the subendocardial myocardium, and sometimes the atrioventricular valves, with mural thrombosis, leading to progressive right and left ventricular failure with mitral and tricuspid insufficiency; occurs in adults and is endemic in parts of Africa. SYN: Davies disease, endocardial fibroelastosis (2), endomyocardial fibroelastosis.

- idiopathic interstitial f. SYN: idiopathic pulmonary f..

- idiopathic pulmonary f. (IPF) an acute to chronic inflammatory process or interstitial f. of the lung of unknown etiology. with collagen-vascular diseases. SYN: chronic fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, fibrosing alveolitis, Hamman-Rich syndrome, idiopathic interstitial f..

- interstitial pulmonary f. includes both idiopathic pulmonary f. and pulmonary f. associated with connective tissue disease and other known primary diseases.

- leptomeningeal f. a fibrous reaction within the subarachnoid space; sometimes a sequel to infectious or chemical meningitis. SEE ALSO: adhesive arachnoiditis.

- mediastinal f. f. that may obstruct the superior vena cava, pulmonary arteries, veins, or bronchi; most common cause is histoplasmosis; less commonly tuberculosis or unknown. SYN: fibrosing mediastinitis, idiopathic fibrous mediastinitis.

- nodular subepidermal f. dermatofibroma.

- oral submucous f. a precancerous condition of the oral mucosa and upper aerodigestive tract characteristically in a native of India.

- pericentral f. f. occurring around the central veins in the hepatic lobules.

- perimuscular f. f. in the outer media of arteries, usually the renal arteries of young women, where it causes segmental stenosis and hypertension; a variety of fibromuscular dysplasia. SYN: subadventitial f..

- pipestem f. a characteristic pipe-shaped f. formed around hepatic portal veins in some cases of long-continued heavy infection with Schistosoma mansoni; thought to be induced by the presence of large numbers of schistosome eggs in the hepatic tissues. SYN: Symmers clay pipestem f., Symmers f..

- replacement f. the formation of fibrous tissue that occupies sites where various other cells and tissues have become atrophied, or degenerated and necrotic.

- retroperitoneal f. f. of retroperitoneal structures and connective tissue commonly involving and obstructing the ureters; the cause is usually unknown. SYN: idiopathic fibrous retroperitonitis, Ormond disease, periureteritis plastica.

- subadventitial f. SYN: perimuscular f..

- Symmers clay pipestem f., Symmers f. SYN: pipestem f..

fi·bro·sis fī-'brō-səs n, pl -bro·ses -.sēz a condition marked by increase of interstitial fibrous tissue: fibrous degeneration

thickening and scarring of connective tissue, most often a consequence of inflammation or injury. Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis is thickening and stiffening of the lining of the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs, causing progressive breathlessness. See also cystic fibrosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis.